Conducting an Annual Campaign

A Primer
An annual campaign is a fundraising campaign conducted every year to raise unrestricted operating revenues for your organization. By unrestricted we mean that the revenues accrued can be used for any purposes within the mission of the organization.
Many organizations send only one annual campaign soliciation per year. However, in most cases we believe that an organization should set a goal for the future to have quarterly mailings for annual campaign contributions. There are many reasons for this but primarily there are two important ones: “share of mind” and budgetary.

“Share of mind” simply expresses the need to keep your organization in front of the support base as often as possible - without going overboard. For those who are only able to make small gifts, it helps make you the principle recipient of their charitable giving. For those able to give more it provides them with additional opportunities. In the future these “share of mind” efforts should extend to anything sent to your support base – for example your newsletter and annual report should have a response card and envelope in it.
Budgetary reasons are often the principle impediment to “larger” gifts from modest donors. If they are given more opportunities to give, they will often take advantage of those.
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"Lillies of the Valley"


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Bulk vs. First Class Mailing
Generally speaking the mailings should be sent bulk, with one first class mailing per year as a means to update your database. If you are going to use your database system to send to a smaller “universe” of donors and potential donors you will want to create a code system to designate the “quality” of the donor. We recommend that at least 2 of the mailings go to the entire universe – and we’ll be discussing the universe of donors more later in this primer.
You can do bulk mailing in-house but it is very labor intensive and you will be better served to use a bulk mail house to do the mailing for you. In addition to having them code and sort the letters, we recommend that you also have them do the output of the actual letters, and the folding and stuffing as well. You can do this yourself, of course. However, again you will be using up several valuable days of time in this process. Between sorting, coding, printing, stuffing and mailing if you do this in-house you can plan on using four to six days of labor for an organization with a list of 1500 people. Multiply this times four mailings a year and you see that somewhere between three and seven weeks of time will be consumed by this task (all day x five work days per week). The mailhouse has everything automated and can do the task in 2 days once they have your text and list (obviously not including printing time if anything needs to be printed).
Creating the Appeal

There are two different schools of thought about appeal letters. Both have merit so we will describe them for you.
1. Short and Sweet
As suggested by its name this letter is short – one page preferably. This letter should be designed to tug at people’s heartstrings either through the memories it evokes or because of who is the writer. This type of letter should NOT be written by a committee and frankly it's best not to have it edited by a committee either. It should be a letter that comes from the heart and in order to hold together editing should be minimal.

There are four important considerations in such a letter:
First, it must be personal and use the word YOU when addressing the potential donor (and use it OFTEN).
Example (For a camp):
Don’t: Summer is fast approaching and we need new boats for the waterfront.
Do: Summer is fast approaching and we need your help to assure that the happy sounds of children boating will continue to reverberate across Smith Lake.
Second, be sure to clearly state the action you want them to take. Example: I’m asking you to sit down right now and make a contribution to assure the future of our beloved camp.
Third, it must be formatted in an appealing way. Use bold format and underlining sparingly – but use it. Bold and underline the one or two sentences that directly address the urgency and the personal nature of the appeal. Example: Delta would not be here without you. Your generous gift keeps the dream alive for generation after generation of boys and girls.
Fourth, always use a PS (in bold) to reiterate your main message. Throughout the process keep the following in mind: Current market research shows that the average busy person (read: our typical donor) receives 30 to 50 pieces of mail a day. Of those, one half go into the wastebasket in no more time than it takes to move his or her hand from the pile to the basket. 25% receive less than 2 seconds of time to look at the return address, flip from front to back, and then cast them into the trash; The remaining 25% of mail will be opened. Of those opened 2/3 will be thrown away in less than 1 minute. The trick is to make it into the last 25%. In fact, the return address of your organization, if you have a loyal base of support, in most cases will assure that.
If you make it that far, you want to be sure that you are making one or two statements that will cause that person to place you in his or her “to do” box. The bold statement within the letter and the PS are your best hope. From time to time an envelope with a special message printed on the front or back will also help.

2. Information Rich Appeals
An information rich letter is based on the assumption that donors want to have lots of details on what you have been doing, what it costs, why you need their help etc.
Often these letters are five or six pages long. We don’t like them, and we almost never read them, but the evidence from professional journals is that they are effective. This is the sort of letter that would be written by the director or a member of the board and provide substance to the “ask”.
Nevertheless, the rules stated above regarding use of the word YOU, the PS and the formatting objectives still apply. In fact, they are even more critical because you have to catch the attention of those who are not inclined to read such a long missive.
Try to put one critical sentence on the first page. If possible, use both sides of your paper and have the PS at the end be on the back page so that an individual who flips over the four pages after looking at only the front page sees the bold PS reminder.
Example: This year we have traveled around the US visiting 20 different states and 30 cities and towns. We have held twenty recruitment receptions and attended eight camp fairs to help spread the news about Delta. In this complex world it is always a challenge to get families to take the time to see the importance of the Delta experience. But once we have their attention they begin to see what you already know. You know the importance of Delta to the development of a child. Delta is not just a place to have fun. . . since our earliest days, Delta has been in the character development business.
Printing & Preparing the List
Every mailing should contain the following:
1. Appeal Letter
2. Response card
3. Return envelope
4. Mailing envelope - may be standard envelope or specifically designed for the appeal with a particular text message on it. Be sure that it has the bulk mail indicia.
The response card should carefully outline choices for contributing. Be sure that individuals have the opportunity to note whether their employer has a matching gifts program.
If you are doing the letter in-house you can print personal letters directly from your database. You can also print labels as well. The challenge thereafter is to be sure that the right letter goes into the right envelope. This may sound silly but you would be surprised at how easy it is for mistakes to happen when you have been stuffing envelopes for two days straight. If you are having the mailing done by a mail house here is what we recommend:
Use your database to identify your “donor universe”. Sort by zip code for bulk mail purposes.

• Export those names with the following information

• Title
• First Name
• Last Name
• Second Name (spouse with different name, companion)
• Address 1
• Address 2
• Town
• State
• Zip
• Salutation

• Open the list up in an Excel spreadsheet (use text setting for the Zip Code or 0’s will be dropped from the front of numbers). This will allow any mail house to use your address document.
• Provide the printer/mail house with a text file of the letter, including a scanned signature.
• Have them print the letter, merging the names and addresses into it. If they can’t do this, you have the wrong mail house.

Your Donor Universe
The donor universe is the term used to describe the parameters you use to define your list for solicitation. You define your universe by using your database system and the various codes that you create to distinguish between contributors.
If your database contains several different members of a (nuclear) family, you will want to code the primary family member to receive mailings. There are few things that turn off donors faster than to have five solicitations come to the same address. The message this sends is that you don’t spend their hard earned money very wisely.
At least two of the annual appeal letters should be sent to this full universe, one of which should be sent first class because it will help you to clean up your database on an annual basis. If you wonder why this is, 46 million Americans move every year. . . ‘nuf said.
You may wish to focus on a smaller universe in other mailings but try to add at least some of those who are not regular donors. Do not assume that a lack of a history of giving on the part of any individuals means they should not be asked, for various reasons they may not have given yet but may if you keep at it or if you happen to strike the right cord with them.

Add to your Universe

Finding Lost Supporters
Every year you will lose some members of your donor community. If you have been wise and left their names in the database with a coding indicating that they are lost, you are halfway to expanding your base of support. If you have removed them, try to track down a paper trail that will allow you to add them back in.
You can pay for a service that will help find individuals, but unless you have a feeling that there would be a big payoff we recommend you use existing free resources on the Internet. Save your money to spend on potentially big donors that you have lost by using the technique described below.
The technique of tracking people down via the Internet works exceedingly well for people with unique names or for whom you have some idea of their location. It does not work well for people with common names
USSearch.com is the Website for a company called US Search. This website allows you to do a general search for people in their database. It is a teaser for the use of its service, but can be very useful for hunting down someone who is lost.
Parameters within which you can search: First Name, Middle Initial, Last Name, City, State and Age. The parameter that is required and most useful is Age because that will often help you to hone in on the correct individual.
A real example. Let’s assume that Moosewood President Wayne King is lost. He graduated from Camp Mowglis in 1969 (it was a great year by the way!) at the time he should have been 14 (he was 12 but we’ll ignore that) so he should be 49 today. He’s lost so we don’t know where he is. So we fill in his name, age and leave the city and state blank and do a search.
The computer database responds that there are too many Wayne Kings and that you need to narrow your search. If you know that his middle initial is D., that will help (you’ll get 158 Wayne D. King’s). Perusing this list you will see a Wayne King who is the right general age in Rumney, NH and Campton, NH, and a Wayne King, age unknown, in Laconia NH. Since we know that Wayne came from NH that’s a pretty good shot. Now you have narrowed down the field considerably. Now you go to any of the many Internet people search engines (we use http://people.yahoo.com/) and do a search on those three towns for Wayne King. Yahoo shows no Wayne King in Campton (probably because he grew up there but no longer resides there) and no Wayne King in Laconia . . . but in Rumney there is one on Stinson Lake Road with a telephone number! Pick up the phone and check him out or send him a quick note.
Service Providers, Contractors, Consultants, etc.

Don’t define your donor database too narrowly. Anyone with whom you have a relationship should be included in the full universe of donors and potential donors. For example: any business with which you have a relationship should be on your database and should be solicited. Given the amount of business that you do with your printer, for example, they should be making a generous donation every year to your organization. Likewise other local businesses will see the efficacy of making a contribution and if they don’t you should consider changing your provider – where competitive services are available, of course. A for-profit business would expect this kind of relationship and so should you. 

3407 Flight Crash Stills Vital Voices

The crash of Flight 3407 on the evening of February 12, 2009 has stilled 50 voices, all of them
important, all of them loved. Four of those voices are among the many who have used their lives in areas that have affected me personally.

For those who, like myself, find themselves inexorably drawn to the joy and tragedy of the African experience, the death of Dr. Alison Des Forges is a terrible blow. Des Forges was a leading authority on the Rwanda genocide and has been a Senior Advisor to, and board member of, the world's foremost human right organization, Human Rights Watch, for nearly twenty years. Dr. Des Forges' example and wisdom have served to help us to better understand the triumphs and failing of the human condition and to see broadly the complexities of relationships between countries and ethnic groups. More

Guerilla Marketing on the Internet

An Overview
By Wayne D. King

The Term “Guerilla Marketing” has become an oft-mentioned one in recent years. For the most part, it describes a state of mind in which one uses sometimes unorthodox, and always carfully-targeted, cost-effective methodologies for marketing a business.

One of the most effective mediums for this kind of marketing is the Internet. This has been true since the Internet’s inception. However, with the development of many new technologies now linked to the Internet, it is particularly true.

Understanding the way various technologies work and keeping up with the latest innovations is the key to effectively harnessing the technology for your guerilla marketing efforts. But keeping up with these technologies is nearly impossible for most small businesses. This article is intended to provide you with a better understanding of the technology available on the Internet and how to most effectively use it to enhance your marketing efforts.
Let me start by saying that Guerilla Marketing is NOT SPAM. If you are trying to keep your identity secret or using a fake return address or doing anything that prevents a person from removing themselves from your lists or making a direct inquiry, you are being a spammer, not a guerilla and probably breaking the law. A true Guerilla always provides a legitimate address and follows the letter of federal law when using the Internet.
The techniques, ideas and opinions below have been learned through a combination of experience designing marketing campaigns with an Internet component; and, most recently, through publishing magazines, websites and blogs that relied on advertising for their main revenue stream. The eye opening experience of being on the “selling side” rather than the buyer side of Internet advertising has revealed many of my previous efforts on the “buying side” to have been ill-conceived at best and wasteful at worst. Fortunately for me, most of the efforts were successful despite my inadequate understanding of the media. This article is intended to share with you some of those experiences to allow you to avoid the pitfalls and embrace the most effective ways of marketing on the Web. I’ll just touch on some of the basics here, but you can find much more detailed information by following the web links throughout this article.
Your Business Website
Do you even need a business website? The answer to this for almost every business is an unequivocal YES. What you spend to create this site and how it is used is another matter entirely, that will be addressed in a few moments.

More and more people are doing research, even local research, on the web before the make purchasing decisions for products or services. You may not see it. In fact chances are good that you won’t see it. However, these days when a customer walks into your business or showroom, or calls on the telephone, better than 65% of the time they have done research on the Web. They probably have a pretty good idea of who your competitors are, what they are offering for your product or service line. In short they are more informed than buyers have ever been before. If you don’t have a website consider yourself lucky that they are even visiting. Or thank one of the many websites like Google, Verizon, or Yellow Pages etc. , that have free business directories online.

Do you need a fancy website? Not necessarily. Most businesses can get by with nothing more than what is termed a “billboard” website. It simply provides basic information about your business and its products or services and information about how to find out more by contacting you or downloading more details. You don’t even necessarily need to have a domain name (www.yourbusinessname.com) although as you get better at employing the Internet for marketing, you’ll probably want this.

Website Primer - Frequently asked questions about Developing a Website
10 Tips for Effective Web Writing

Email
If you aren’t getting an email address from every customer or prospect that you come in contact with you are missing an opportunity to really keep in close contact with your business base and it’s costing you. For every letter you put in the mail, ask yourself if you could have achieved the same effect by firing off an email. This can be done for everything from invoices to marketing pieces. The key to using email effectively for your business is to minimize the intrusiveness and maximize the usefulness (to your customer) of your marketing efforts. An email is going to be more readily acceptable if it contains useful information as well as your pitch.

Develop different email lists that are for different things. The more you know your customers the better you will be at creating lists that are well targeted. For example, if you are a real estate business and you are sending commercial listings out to people who are looking for a residential home, it won’t be long before everyone has asked to be removed from your list. On the other hand, if you are sending out a weekly email with your latest residential listings and some tips on how to find the best rates on a mortgage one week and how to choose a home inspection company the next, you are both providing a service and encouraging the use of your services. If you are a beginner at this, take some time to learn the email system you have and how to utilize it in the least intrusive, most informative way that you can.

Website AdvertisingWebsite advertising is by far the least expensive electronic medium for generating interest in your product or services. A banner ad or a skyscraper ad on a website with adequate traffic can generate substantial traffic for your own website, and leads for your business. The technologies associated with website advertising have come a long way in just a few years. While many websites are still charging for space on a monthly basis with their charges at least somewhat related to the number of overall visitors to the website, others have moved to more sophisticated systems that give the guerilla marketer opportunities to advertise on line far more effectively and at substantial savings. Those websites that have deployed newer technologies can provide the advertiser with the opportunity to place ads based on a precise number of views and the specific interest of consumers, even as specific as keywords. These are the kinds of websites that the guerilla seeks out for advertising online.

Lets say you have a sports equipment business. You can choose only those pages that relate to outdoor sports. You can be even more specific and advertise on only skiing related pages during the winter and hiking pages in the summer. Best of all you can specify how many times your ad will be seen and pay only for the actual number of views. No more buying ads and hoping that people will see your banner, you purchase 1000 or 10,000 views and then your banner ad runs until 10,000 people have seen it, whether that takes 10 minutes or 10 months. The guerilla likes this venue for advertising because it effectively targets the market and can cost as little as one-half cent per view.

One of the newest forms of advertising, contextual advertising links allows the guerilla to hone in on a keyword or words and have a single line text ad appear within the content of the story. So for example a company that specializes in foliage tours might choose the word autumn as a keyword, the website software would then identify stories where the word autumn appears and place a link like the one below

• 15% off foliage tours at Tourmasters.com [click here].

The ad is still an ad, and distinguished from the content by its placement and appearance, but it is so closely targeted to the content that the chances of a visitor clicking through are enhanced dramatically.

These simple tips alone will make a substantial difference in your marketing efforts.

Tips for Effective Writing on the Web

Tips for Effective Writing on the Web

By Wayne D. King

Writing for the Web is just not the same as writing for a publication or penning the great American novel. Let’s face it, the medium is much different. The average Web browser wants information . . . and wants it quickly. Unlike the reader who sits down before the fire with a great book, your visitor wants you to convey your message personally, directly and fast.

However, don’t get the impression that words don’t matter. In fact they matter very much. It is simply a matter of which words you choose that dictates the success of your Website.

Here are 10 tips for writing effective web copy:

1. Give them Substance in “Web Bites”.
You’ve heard of “sound bites” before. It is the phrase used to describe how a political figure or a public figure phrases a message quickly. The message has substance, but they know that they have only a few seconds on TV or the radio to give you that message so they paraphrase what they want to say. Your relationship to your Website visitor is very similar to the public figure’s relationship to the camera or mike. Your visitor will give you a few seconds, but if you don’t deliver, he’s likely to be gone.

Keep your paragraphs and sentences short and interesting. Try to minimize the number of words and maximize the reach of your point. You are trying to communicate, not impress.

This does not mean that your Website has to be a vacuous lump on the Web (as so many sites are). If you want to be more detailed or flowery, go ahead, just place this content deeper into your Website. Those who want the more detailed information will drill deeper and those who don’t won’t run away.

2. Keep it Real
There is a rule of thumb in fundraising and development that a letter soliciting donations should have the word “You” peppered throughout it. This applies to effective Web writing as well. Make your writing more personal, as if you were writing to a friend.

3. Remember your Mission
Your visitor has come to your site for a reason. Perhap to make a purchase, perhaps to find something out or to subscribe. Keep driving them toward fulfillment of their mission: Give them quick links to more information, keep them interested, invite them to drill deeper into your site.
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4. Content is King
Remember. The average Website visitor is still connecting to the Internet with a dialup account. If your Website is filled with all kinds of cool graphics, animation and large images, many people are just going to move on before the even see your message. Unless you are speaking to an audience that you are sure employs high speed connectivity, it is best to keep the mega-giga-cool-stuff to a minimum.

5. Walk a Mile in Their Shoes
It is a useful exercise to place yourself in the shoes of your potential visitors as they open their favorite search engine. What are they likely to type into the search box if they are looking for a service like yours? Program those keywords into your page. More importantly, use them in the content of your message. Weave them into your phrasing.

6. Headlines Matter
Did you know that the headlines in a newspaper are almost always written by an Editor and not the writer? This is because Editors know how to write, but more importantly, they know how to sell newspapers. The headline of your page is the first thing that will catch the eye of your visitor. Make them interesting and they will keep reading. Bear in mind the advice about keywords above as you write your Headlines.

7. Titles Too
When you open a Webpage, the wording at the top of the page is the title. It is programmed into the page during its design. Most major search engines use title information as their principle source of cataloging information. Be sure to get important keywords into the title, without making it too cumbersome.

8. Reference other Reliable Sources
Referencing reliable sources is always important to creating and maintaining your credibility. Make your point at the same time. For example, if you want to demonstrate how many people visit New Hampshire during the course of the year, you don’t have to quite an entire report from the Institute for NH Studies. Give your visitor the meat of the information and then create a link to the Institute’s site, and in particular the page that provides your support. Engage other sites in the process of sharing reciprocal links with you.

9. Your “Webside Manner”
If you are selling products or services on your site, emphasize the personal benefits of the product rather than the finer technical details. Place the technical details on the Website, just don’t make them the first stop. Your visitor wants to know how your product can change their life more than they want to know how fast, big, and nifty it is. Don’t forget to use the word YOU.

10. Proof Read
Even the best writers have editors and proofreaders. Don’t assume because you can write will that you can also edit and proof read. Aha . . . caught you. The above sentence escaped the beeping of my sophisticated spellchecking software. So let’s try again: Don’t assume because you can write well that you can also edit and proof read. Use spell and grammar checking software but don’t rely solely upon them for proofing. Have others read your copy and don’t be defensive about it.

About the Author
Wayne King is a recovering politician, political commentator and President of Moosewood Communicaions in Rumney, NH. He blogs from his space in the Blogosphere, Unified Visions: UnifiedVisions.Blogspot.com where he advocates for a post-partisan approach to governing; and from the Moosewood Communications Blog MoosewoodCommunications.blogspot.com. 

King holds a BS Degree in Environmental Conservation and a Masters Degree in Earth and Space Science Education from the University of New Hampshire, Durham. 

A three term former State Senator from New Hampshire, Wayne King was the 1994 Democratic nominee for Governor. King is also the founder of The Electronic Community, a group of social entrepreneurs working on social and development issues in Africa. 

Senator King has served on the Board of Directors of many state and local organizations: he was a founding member of the NH Community Loan Fund, and a long time member of the Common Cause NH Board of Directors. Additionally he served for almost 15 years on the board of the Northern Community Investment Corporation, one of America's foremost Community Development Corporations. 

King is also an accomplished photographer. His images can be found in galleries from Maine to California. His images are a celebration of life, blending the real and the surreal to achieve a sense of place or time that reaches beyond the moment into a dreamlike quintessentialism designed to spark an emotional response. Using digital enhancement, handcrafting, painting, and sometimes even straight photography, King takes the viewer to a place that is beyond simple truth to where truth meets passion, hope and dreams. His photoblog is Photoexpressionist.blogspot.com.